What are the best preserved medieval towns and cities in Europe?

欧洲现存最完整的中世纪古城是哪？

来自生于西班牙的 @Alberto Yagos 的回答：

1. Toledo, Spain

托莱多，西班牙

It was the capital of Spain in the Middle Ages, a city where three religions lived and left the best of their heritage.

这个城市在中世纪时期是西班牙的首都，有3个宗教曾在这座城市里存在过，而且它们都留下了很棒的遗迹。

2. Aigues-Mortes (France)

埃格莫尔特（法国）

Just look at it, please:

光是看一看就懂了：

来自英国人 @Charles Corn 的回答：

England has the advantage of not having any major wars on its soil for several hundred years, so many medieval towns and cities that made it through the Wars of the Roses and English Civil War are still largely intact.

英格兰有个优势，那就是它的本土已经几百年没有遭受重大战火了，所以，那些熬过了玫瑰战争和英国内战的中世纪古城基本上都很完整。

This includes the centres of cities like Oxford:

这其中就包括牛津这类城市的市中心：

and York:

还有约克：

But for the real medieval experience you should look for the towns and villages of the Cotswolds and Suffolk, which became very prosperous in the medieval period from the wool trade.

但如果你想体验真正的中世纪风情，你应该去科兹沃尔德和萨福克这样的城镇或村庄，它们在中世纪由于羊毛贸易而变得非常繁荣。

As a consequence they built beautiful towns and villages, many of which have remained the same size or shrunk as they became less prosperous, meaning that unlike York or Oxford they don’t have any modern sprawl at all.

其结果就是，它们建起了美丽的城镇和村落，而且其中很多都一直保持着当时的大小，或因为不再繁荣而缩小了，这意味着他们不会像约克和牛津一样有那些现代建筑群。

For example:

举几个例子：

Lavenham (this was the 14th most populous town in 1523 - bigger than York!)

拉文纳姆（1523年时，这里是英国人口排名第14的城镇，比约克还大！）

Lacock雷考克

Castle Combe库姆堡

来自历史与考古学家 @Érico Caldeira 的回答：

Aside from the excellent suggestions in other answers, I’d like to present Óbidos, Portugal:

虽然其他回答已经给出了很棒的推荐，我还是想说说葡萄牙的奥比多斯：

This small town is in Portuguese hands since the XII century and hasn’t changed that much since then.

这座小城从十二世纪开始就由葡萄牙人掌管，而且至此之后都没怎么变过。

IIRC（注：If I remember correctly）, traditionally, it was part of the Queen’s personal possessions.

如果我没记错的话，从传统上讲，它是女王的私人财产。

Quite an interesting place to visit, particularly in July, when you can see the Medieval Market.

这是个很有趣的旅游目的地，尤其是在7月，这时你能看到中世纪市集。

Be sure to taste some ginja as well (a slightly alcoholic beverage).

一定要记得喝喝樱桃酒（这是一种低酒精含量的饮料）。

Also in Portugal, Almeida deserves to be mentioned, close to the Spanish border:

同样是在葡萄牙，还有一个地方值得一提，那就是阿尔梅达，它靠近西班牙的边境：

The star fortification was built in the XVII century, so not entirely Medieval, but very beautiful nonetheless.

星型的防御工事是十七世纪建成的，所以也不算完全的中世纪，但不管怎么说还是很美的。